Justice O’Connor was elected to the State Senate and served as the first woman majority leader of the Senate. Justice O’Connor’s commitment to civics education may have been influenced by her experience in the Arizona state government, where, in addition to serving as an appellate court judge, she served in the legislature. The limited use of race in the admissions process was necessary to promote student body diversity in public higher education, which would in turn help realize the goal of a positive environment where civic narratives informed by the experiences of students from different races, ethnicities, cultures, and identities could be explored. 306 (2003), in which the Court held that the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution of the United States did not prohibit the University of Michigan Law School’s tailored use of race in admissions decisions to further a compelling interest in obtaining the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body. Justice O’Connor recognized this in her majority opinion in the Supreme Court’s landmark case Grutter v. Civics education is in large part the study of how citizens contribute to and participate in the governance of their society. Such an informed engagement requires a knowledge of the history, principles, and foundations of America’s social, political, and economic systems. Civics education is critically important in a constitutional democracy such as the United States, which depends on the informed civic engagement of its citizens. This subject used to be regularly taught in middle schools and high schools unfortunately, today it is absent from the curriculum in many school districts. Justice Sandra Day O’Connor has long supported civics education for all Americans.
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